Graphite rods are often used as the heating element in high-temperature vacuum furnaces, with a maximum operating temperature of up to 3000. They are prone to oxidation at high temperatures and can only be used in neutral or reducing atmospheres, except in a vacuum. They have a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and a resistivity coefficient of (8~13) × 10-6 Ω·m. They are easier to process than SiC or MoSi rods and are resistant to high temperatures, extreme cold, and extreme heat. They are also more affordable.